Figure 1: Plot showing the average maximum annual rainfall and temperatures across major Australian cities from 1900-2019. Australia was experiencing a 60-year drought, and at that point in 2019, the hottest temperatures on record. Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Inspiration: Tidy Tuesday work from jkaupp.

1. Load Packages & Setup

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if (!require("pacman")) install.packages("pacman")
pacman::p_load(
    tidyverse,
    tidytuesdayR,
    dlookr,
    ggtext,
    ggforce,
    showtext,
    janitor,   #for clean_names()
    scales,
    glue,
    here,
    patchwork,
    zoo
)    

font_add('fa-brands', 'fonts/Font Awesome 6 Brands-Regular-400.otf')
font_add_google("Roboto")
font_add_google("Roboto Condensed")

2. Read in the Data

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tt_year <- 2020
tt_week <- 2

tuesdata <- tidytuesdayR::tt_load(tt_year, week = tt_week)

rainfall <- tuesdata$rainfall
temperature <- tuesdata$temperature

3. Examine the Data

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rainfall %>%
  glimpse()

Rows: 179,273
Columns: 11
$ station_code <chr> "009151", "009151", "009151", "009151", "009151", "009151…
$ city_name    <chr> "Perth", "Perth", "Perth", "Perth", "Perth", "Perth", "Pe…
$ year         <dbl> 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 1967, 196…
$ month        <chr> "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01…
$ day          <chr> "01", "02", "03", "04", "05", "06", "07", "08", "09", "10…
$ rainfall     <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, N…
$ period       <dbl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, N…
$ quality      <chr> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, N…
$ lat          <dbl> -31.96, -31.96, -31.96, -31.96, -31.96, -31.96, -31.96, -…
$ long         <dbl> 115.79, 115.79, 115.79, 115.79, 115.79, 115.79, 115.79, 1…
$ station_name <chr> "Subiaco Wastewater Treatment Plant", "Subiaco Wastewater…

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temperature %>% 
  glimpse()

Rows: 528,278
Columns: 5
$ city_name   <chr> "PERTH", "PERTH", "PERTH", "PERTH", "PERTH", "PERTH", "PER…
$ date        <date> 1910-01-01, 1910-01-02, 1910-01-03, 1910-01-04, 1910-01-0…
$ temperature <dbl> 26.7, 27.0, 27.5, 24.0, 24.8, 24.4, 25.3, 28.0, 32.6, 35.9…
$ temp_type   <chr> "max", "max", "max", "max", "max", "max", "max", "max", "m…
$ site_name   <chr> "PERTH AIRPORT", "PERTH AIRPORT", "PERTH AIRPORT", "PERTH …

4. Tidy the Data

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annual_rainfall <- rainfall %>% 
  group_by(year, month) %>% 
  summarize(avg_monthly_rainfall = mean(rainfall, na.rm = TRUE),
            .groups = 'drop') %>% 
  group_by(year) %>% 
  summarize(annual_rainfall = sum(avg_monthly_rainfall, na.rm = TRUE),
            .groups = 'drop')

annual_temperature <- temperature %>% 
  filter(temp_type == 'max') %>% 
  mutate(year = year(date)) %>% 
  group_by(year) %>% 
  summarise(avg_temperature = mean(temperature, na.rm = TRUE),
            .groups = 'drop') %>% 
  filter(year < 2020)

5. Visualization Parameters

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my_theme <- theme(
  plot.title = element_text(family="Roboto", color="black", face="bold", size=48, hjust=0), 
  plot.subtitle = element_text(family="Roboto", color="black", size=34, hjust=0), 
  axis.title = element_text(family="Roboto", color="black", face="bold", size=16), 
  axis.text = element_text(family="Roboto", color="black", size=28), 
  axis.ticks = element_blank(),
  plot.caption = element_text(family="Roboto", color="black", size=24), 
  panel.background =  element_blank(), 
  panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "grey90", linewidth = 0.5),
  panel.grid.minor = element_line(colour = "grey93", linewidth = 0.5),
  panel.border = element_blank(), 
  legend.title=element_blank(), 
  legend.text = element_text(family="Roboto", color="black", size=12, hjust=0),
  legend.position = 'top',
)

6. Plot

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plot_rainfall <- annual_rainfall %>% 
  filter(year >= 1900 & year < 2020) %>% 
  mutate(ma10 = zoo::rollapply(annual_rainfall, width=10, FUN=mean, align='right', partial = TRUE)) %>% 
  ggplot(.,
         aes(x=year,
             y=annual_rainfall)) + 
  geom_line(color = 'cornflowerblue') + 
  geom_point(color = 'cornflowerblue') + 
  geom_line(aes(y=ma10), 
            linetype='longdash', color='gray30') + 
  geom_mark_circle(aes(filter = year == 2019, 
                       label = glue("Total Rainfall: {round(annual_rainfall,1)} mm"), 
                       description = "Annual rainfall at a 60 year low"), 
                   label.family = c("Roboto", "Roboto Condensed"), label.buffer = unit(6, "cm"), label.fontsize = 18) + 
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(1900, 2020), breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 20)) +
  labs(x='',
       y='') + 
   scale_y_continuous(limits = c(10, 50), 
                  breaks = seq(10, 50, 10),
                  labels = scales::label_number(suffix = " mm")) + 
  my_theme

plot_temperature <- annual_temperature %>% 
  mutate(ma10 = zoo::rollapply(avg_temperature, width=10, FUN=mean, align='right', partial = TRUE)) %>% 
  ggplot(.,
         aes(x=year,
             y=avg_temperature)) + 
  geom_line(color = 'firebrick3') + 
  geom_point(color = 'firebrick3') + 
  geom_line(aes(y=ma10),
            linetype='longdash', color='gray30') + 
  geom_mark_circle(aes(filter = year == 2019, 
                       label = glue("Avg Max Temp: {round(avg_temperature, 1)}°C"),
                       description = "Data through May 2019"), 
                   label.family = c("Roboto", "Roboto Condensed"), label.buffer = unit(6, "cm"), label.fontsize = 18) + 
  labs(x='',
       y='') + 
  scale_x_continuous(limits = c(1900, 2020), breaks = seq(1900, 2020, 20)) +
  # scale_y_continuous(limits = c(10, 30), breaks = seq(10, 30, 10), label = label_number(unit = "° C", sep = ""), position = "right") +
   scale_y_continuous(limits = c(10, 30), 
                  breaks = seq(10, 30, 10),
                  labels = scales::label_number(suffix = "°C"),
                  position = "right") + 
  my_theme

plot_rain_temp <- plot_rainfall + 
  plot_temperature + 
  theme(plot.margin = margin(r = 30, l = 30)) + 
  plot_annotation(
    title = "Historic Lows in Rainfall and Records High Temperatures a Factor in Australia's Devastating Wildfires",
    subtitle = glue(
      "<span style='color:cornflowerblue'>**Total rainfall**</span> and <span style='color:firebrick3'>**average maximum temperature**</span> across Australian cities from 1900 to 2019"
    ),
    caption = "Tidy Tuesday Week 2 (2020). **Source**: Australian Bureau of Meterology",
    theme = theme(
      plot.title = element_textbox_simple(family='Roboto', size=48, face='bold'),
      plot.subtitle = element_textbox_simple(family='Roboto', size=34),
      plot.caption = element_textbox_simple(family = 'Roboto', size=18)
    )
  )

7. Save

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# Save the plot as PNG
ggsave(
  filename = glue("tt_{tt_year}_{tt_week}.png"),
  plot = plot_rain_temp,
  width = 10, height = 6, units = "in", dpi = 320
)

# make thumbnail for page
magick::image_read(glue("tt_{tt_year}_{tt_week}.png")) %>%
  magick::image_resize(geometry = "400") %>%
  magick::image_write(glue("tt_{tt_year}_{tt_week}_thumbnail.png"))

8. Session Info

Expand for Session Info

R version 4.4.0 (2024-04-24)
Platform: aarch64-apple-darwin20
Running under: macOS Sonoma 14.6.1

Matrix products: default
BLAS:   /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.4-arm64/Resources/lib/libRblas.0.dylib 
LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.4-arm64/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib;  LAPACK version 3.12.0

locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8

time zone: America/Denver
tzcode source: internal

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] zoo_1.8-12         patchwork_1.3.0    here_1.0.1         glue_1.8.0        
 [5] scales_1.3.0       janitor_2.2.0      showtext_0.9-7     showtextdb_3.0    
 [9] sysfonts_0.8.9     ggforce_0.4.2      ggtext_0.1.2       dlookr_0.6.3      
[13] tidytuesdayR_1.1.2 lubridate_1.9.3    forcats_1.0.0      stringr_1.5.1     
[17] dplyr_1.1.4        purrr_1.0.2        readr_2.1.5        tidyr_1.3.1       
[21] tibble_3.2.1       ggplot2_3.5.1      tidyverse_2.0.0    pacman_0.5.1      

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] tidyselect_1.2.1        viridisLite_0.4.2       farver_2.1.2           
 [4] fastmap_1.2.0           gh_1.4.1                tweenr_2.0.3           
 [7] pagedown_0.21           fontquiver_0.2.1        promises_1.3.0         
[10] digest_0.6.37           timechange_0.3.0        mime_0.12              
[13] lifecycle_1.0.4         magrittr_2.0.3          compiler_4.4.0         
[16] rlang_1.1.4             tools_4.4.0             utf8_1.2.4             
[19] yaml_2.3.10             knitr_1.48              htmlwidgets_1.6.4      
[22] bit_4.5.0               curl_5.2.3              xml2_1.3.6             
[25] withr_3.0.1             grid_4.4.0              polyclip_1.10-7        
[28] fansi_1.0.6             gdtools_0.4.0           xtable_1.8-4           
[31] colorspace_2.1-1        extrafontdb_1.0         gitcreds_0.1.2         
[34] MASS_7.3-61             cli_3.6.3               crayon_1.5.3           
[37] rmarkdown_2.28          ragg_1.3.3              generics_0.1.3         
[40] rstudioapi_0.17.1       tzdb_0.4.0              commonmark_1.9.2       
[43] parallel_4.4.0          vctrs_0.6.5             jsonlite_1.8.9         
[46] fontBitstreamVera_0.1.1 hms_1.1.3               bit64_4.5.2            
[49] magick_2.8.5            systemfonts_1.1.0       stringi_1.8.4          
[52] gtable_0.3.5            later_1.3.2             extrafont_0.19         
[55] munsell_0.5.1           pillar_1.9.0            rappdirs_0.3.3         
[58] htmltools_0.5.8.1       reactable_0.4.4         R6_2.5.1               
[61] httr2_1.0.5             textshaping_0.4.0       rprojroot_2.0.4        
[64] vroom_1.6.5             evaluate_1.0.1          shiny_1.9.1            
[67] kableExtra_1.4.0        lattice_0.22-6          markdown_1.13          
[70] gridtext_0.1.5          snakecase_0.11.1        fontLiberation_0.1.0   
[73] httpuv_1.6.15           hrbrthemes_0.8.7        Rcpp_1.0.13            
[76] svglite_2.1.3           gridExtra_2.3           Rttf2pt1_1.3.12        
[79] xfun_0.48               pkgconfig_2.0.3

9. Github Repository

Expand for GitHub Repo

Access the GitHub repository here